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小编:长安 288如果大家仔细阅读过雅思官网给出的口语评分标准细则,就不难发现,在其中流利度及连贯性(fluency and coherence)中,频繁提及的一个重要评分点就是连接词及语篇标记(connective and discourse markers)。
提到连接词,大家会想到的通常就是and、but、so、because,程度稍好的同学会想到however、also、besides,但实际上连接词或者说语篇标记的范围要远大于此。
基本上,无论是哪一种连词都代表了一种逻辑关系,大概分为:递进、转折、因果、并列、列举、时间顺序、空间顺序等等,看到这里,大家是不是就能突然想起小时候语文课上老师敲着黑板让大家记住的那些连词了?
把它们转化成英语就会变成如下的几种形式:apart from that/compared to/as a result/ in addition/ for instance/after a while/next to等等。
那么大家是否还记得在语文中还有一个词叫做承前启后,在英语中,discourse markers就包含这样的连接成分;或是总结前文,比如“this is what I mean.”“that's really a wonderful experience in my mind.”
或是引出下文,比如“what impressed me most is…”“the biggest problem about that is…”比起用那些单调的单词或词组连接起我们的句子,倒不如试试用这样的成分将我们的逻辑表达的更加清晰。
下面环球教育天津学校张锦文老师就以part2中一道人物题为例,看看discourse marker是如何帮我们拓展思路的。
Describe someone who is knowledgeable.
Who this person is and how you know this person
Talking about who is well-informed, the first one comes to my mind is my Dad. Although he was neither well-educated nor obtained any great diploma, he is really a savvy in the woodworking.
很多同学不知道在part2的时候应该怎么开头,那么这些连接词就可以派上用场,“talking about”以及“the first one comes to my mind”可以称得上是万用,需要注意的是,我们尽量要对题目中的关键词进行一些替换,这样更能让考官眼前一亮。
比如在这里“well-informed”就是“knowledgeable”的替换词,“savvy”一词是行家的意思,可以具体到你所描述的人擅长的方面。
What kinds of things he knows
From an early age, my dad liked carving wood to make his own toys as he came from a poor family. The wooden pistol, the wooden figurines of his favorite cartoon character, all those stuff were 100% handmade. Later on, he started working on some bigger ones like the bookshelf, the nightstand and even the closet. To my mind, he knows everything related to wood. I still remember when I was a little girl, he made a set of furniture for our new house…
在这里,关于他所知道的事情,我选择了表示时间顺序的连词,从他小时候说起,说到了我印象中的他以及我所记得的事件。其实呢,任何一道part2的题目都可以用连词展开,但还是需要大家切忌生搬硬套,合理使用才是王道。