本来环球教育（原环球教育）颜王团杨亮老师懒在沙发上看着《法制中国60分》，猛然间想到可以和小伙伴们分享点犯罪类的词汇。毕竟雅思写作中此类题目还是时常与大家见面的。

　　1.先来说说犯罪份子该如何表达

　　criminals 名词，罪犯（值得注意的是，该词有形容词性）。

　　offenders 名词，罪犯，违法者。

　　convicts 名词，罪犯，囚徒（前段时间很红的一套书《囚徒健身》，“Convict Conditioning”）。

　　culprits 名词，犯人。同时，本词可以指的是被指控犯罪的人。

　　outlaws 名词，罪犯，暴徒。也有动词词性，并且为及物动词，译为宣布某事为不合法。

　　suspect （criminal suspect）名词，犯罪嫌疑人。其实，在法庭最终宣判之前，我们口中的罪犯多数情况下应该用这个词表达，更为严谨。

　　prisoner 名词，犯人，囚犯。

　　juvenile criminals 名词，青少年罪犯。

　　minor criminals 名词，未成年罪犯。

　　juvenile delinquent / juvenile offender 名词，少年犯，或行为不端的青少年

　　值得注意的是，其实在雅思写作犯罪类的话题中，未成年人犯罪往往是常见话题。因此后面几个词汇，需要大家重点掌握。

　　2.来说说犯罪这件事该如何表达，要注意词性标注

　　commit a crime (commit crimes) 动宾，犯罪

　　violate the law / break the law 动宾，犯罪，违法

　　offend against the law 动宾，违法

　　violent crimes / non-violent crimes 形容词+名词，暴力犯罪/非暴力犯罪

　　delinquent behaviors / illegal acts / lawless behaviors形容词+名词，不法的行为

　　juvenile delinquency 名词，特指青少年的不法行为

　　illegality 名词，泛指所有违法行为。此外，immorality 名词，指的是不道德的行为，其实近似于违法行为，但是略有区别。同理，副词illegally和immorally也是类似的区别。

　　wrongdoing / misconduct / delinquency 名词，都是指的是行为不端

　　请见如下例文：（青少年违法之后应该如何被惩罚永远是雅思考试的常见话题）

　　引导阅读原文

　　There is no denying that everyone should be punished due to his/her illegality, no matter how old he/she is. Notwithstanding, this does not imply that juvenile culprits should be treated as equally as adult prisoners. Juvenile detentions ought to be the place for those minor offenders instead of common jails, and besides juvenile suspects should be on trial in juvenile court where their right can be protected much better.

　　Juvenile convicts with violent crimes should be detained in juvenile detentions as they might be potential threats to our society, and on the other hand minor culprits with non-violent crimes can be punished with more flexibility such as being forced to do social work.

　　PS:  Juvenile detentions 名词，少管所

　　juvenile court 名词，未成年人法庭

　　detain 及物动词，羁押

　　3.犯罪率的表达方式

　　Crime rate / incident of crime

　　如何降低犯罪率，是经常在雅思写作中被讨论的话题。

　　Unbelievably high juvenile crime rate is plaguing many countries all over the world, and how to reduce it has become prime task for those governments for a long time.

　　4.rehabilitate criminals / reform criminals 动宾，改造罪犯

　　Main function of prisons is not only punishing culprits with locking them up but also rehabilitating them as everyone no matter what he/she has done deserves a second chance. 监狱的功能不仅是限制犯人的自由，还要给这些犯人提供一个改过自新的机会。

　　5.几个导致青少年犯罪的原因如下：

　　Lack of moral education 名词性，缺少德育教育（lack一词在实际写作中是考生们常犯错误的地方，请看后面的注解。）

　　Inappropriate parenting 名词性，不恰当的家庭教育

　　Being exposed to misleading information from media 动名词性质，暴露于媒体的诱导性信息

　　Lack of ability of telling right from wrong 名词性，缺少辨别是非的能力

　　Blindly imitate what they often see or read in media 动宾结构，盲目模仿在媒体中看到的或者听到的事物

　　PS： 关于lack

　　首先，可以是及物动词。例如：With stress from exams, students lack enthusiasm on learning any kind of art.

　　其次，名词，多用于词组 be lack of / be lack in = be short of  例如：Generally speaking, high crime rate, to a great extent, can be attributed to lack of law enforcement capacity of police.

　　再次，lacking 形容词，常用词组 be lacking of / be lacking in 例如： Fresh graduates are usually lacking in working experience that is required badly on majority of job positions.

　　教育类词汇第四波

　　16.Benefit / beneficial / Beneficiary 这几个词汇并不算难，但是考生对于其词性掌握一直不理想。在此环球教育老师重点强调一下词性。

　　Benefit 可为名词，同时也可以为动词，并且可以是Vt也可以是Vi，请对比下面两个句子：

　　Governments will enjoy the benefits from their huge investment in education field in a long run.

　　Governments will benefit from their huge investment in education field in a long run.

　　第一句中的benefits为名词，后面的from为介词，实则是一个介词短语作为定语修饰前文的benefits。而第二句中，benefit from为一个动词词组，指的是受益于某人或某事。

　　Beneficial 形容词，通常的词组是 be beneficial to 近义词组 be good for / be salutary to

　　University education will be definitely beneficial to one’s future career.

　　Beneficiary, 名词，指的是受益者，受惠者。

　　Obviously, beneficiaries of dissemination of high-quality education are both individuals and governments.

　　Beneficence, 名词，指的是善行。其实在一些语境中，它指的含义就是好处。见下例句：

　　Some people blindly and excessively have their faith in the beneficence of technological advance. 一些人盲目地并且过度地对科技发展带来的好处加以信任。

　　17.Access 一词在教育类写作中也时常出现，其常见词性有两个。

　　首先，名词，译为进入、使用权等，意思比较抽象。通常用于词组have access to，可使用什么、可接近什么。例如：

　　Contemporarily, with popularity of internet, schoolchildren can easily have access to some illegal and harmful information that they should not have known.

　　其次，动词，及物。译为使用、接近等。例如：

　　What children can easily access online is what they can never find in their textbooks.

　　18.对某人或某事负责，在写作中非常常见。下面给大家几个相关的表达，如下:

　　Be in charge of doing / sth.

　　Take charge of doing / sth.

　　Have/has a duty to do sth.

　　Have/has an obligation to do sth.

　　Be responsible for doing sth. / sth.

　　19.bring the talent and creativity into full play 充分发挥才智与创新 (动宾结构)

　　在对于课程安排或者是教学方法的评述中，充分发挥才智与创新可以算是其优点。如下：

　　Given that students are able to apply for courses according to their interest, university education will indeed bring their talent and creativity into full play.

　　20.教育系统产出物之一就是人才，如下是几个人才的描述方式：

　　personnel with interdisciplinary knowledge and well-rounded ability 复合型人才

　　interdisciplinary talents 夸学科人才

　　senior personnel / top talents / advanced talents 高级人才

　　well-educated workforce 受到良好教育的劳动力

　　high-end labor 高端劳动力