搞清楚逻辑结构在猜测雅思阅读文章词义的时候是很有帮助的，环球教育袁宇坤老师分析以下几种逻辑结构关系如下，帮助考生能够灵活将方法运用与阅读考试中。

　　1.指代关系

　　首先，需明白一个原理：英文中前后句子需有逻辑关联，而逻辑关联的一种体现就在——“逻辑对象一致性”，即相邻两句所描述的主体需一致，即同级替换或具体化。

　　同级替换：

　　As a student at the city of London School, Perkin became immersed in the study of chemistry. His talent and devotion to the subject were perceived by his teacher, Thomas Hall.

　　第一句：Perkin-------第二句：His指Perkin

　　第一句：chemistry---第二句：the subject

　　the表特指，the subject为该科目，必然上句出现某一科目名字

　　具体化：

　　The lack of ability of some cultures to deal with large numbers is not really surprising. European languages, when traced back to their earlier version, are very poor in number words and expressions.

　　第一句：some cultures ---具体化---第二句：european languages

　　例子1：

　　A 3,000-year-old burial ground of a seafaring people called the Lapita has been found on an abandoned plantation on the Pacific island of ?faté. The cemetery, which is a significant archaeological discovery, was uncovered accidentally by an agricultural worker.

　　问题：如何利用指代关系---the cemetery，猜出cemetery的意思？

　　答案：the cemetery （墓地）= burial ground

　　bury v埋葬 burial adj埋葬的

　　例子2：

　　①There was a vast migration from Europe by land-hungry farmers and others, to which the famine caused by the Irish potato blight contributed, to North America, Australia, New Zealand, and southern Africa. ②Millions of hectares of forest and woodland fell before the newcomers' axes between 1850 and 1890, as intensive European farming methods expanded across the world. ③The unprecedented land clearance released vast quantities of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, triggering for the first time humanly caused global warming.

　　问题1：line 4-the newcomers 指谁？

　　问题2：line 5-the unprecedented land clearance指什么？

　　回答：

　　farmers and others= the newcomers

　　forest and woodland fell= the unprecedented land clearance

　　2.因果关系

　　表原因：reason/cause/because/since/as/given that/because of

　　表结果：so/hence/therefore/as a result/as a consequence

　　另外，笔者也总结了一些常见的但考生往往不太熟悉的可用于表达因果的语言素材：

　　例子3：

　　Since some species are largely nocturnal, collecting should not be confined to daytime.

　　表原因的词为：since

　　中文意思：

　　既然一些物种是nocturnal的，那么收集（物种）不应该限定在白天

　　解析：相信看到这里大家都猜到nocturnal的意思为……没错就是夜行的、夜间活动的:

　　例子4：

　　The preservative used is usually ethylene glycol or propylene glycol, as alcohol will evaporate quickly and the traps will dry out.

　　这里被使用的防腐剂通常是ethylene glycol or propylene glycol，因为（as）酒精会挥发（evaporate）然后陷阱就会干掉。那么问题是，防腐剂会不会用酒精呢？

　　不少同学第一眼会被evaporate困扰着，其实还可以利用后面语境中的traps will dry out反推，酒精应该会不见，因此可推为挥发，那么酒精肯定是不好的，从而可推ethylene glycol or propylene glycol应为非酒精的。

　　3.解释-main point+example/explanation

　　paragraph C：（Headstart programme）

　　Despite substantial funding, results have been disappointing.

　　paragraph E：（Missouri programme）

　　①The results were phenomenal. (①-main point)

　　②By the age of three, the children in the programme were significantly more advanced in language development than their peers.

　　(②-example-说明/解释句①中的results-phenomenonal)

　　例子5

　　Questions 5-10

　　Classify the following features as characterizing

　　A.the 'Headstart' programme

　　B.the 'Missouri' programme

　　C.both the 'Headstart' and the 'Missouri' programmes

　　D.neither the 'Headstart' nor the 'Missouri' programme

　　Write the correct letter A, B, C or D in boxes 18-23 on your answer sheet.

　　7.did not succeed in its aim

　　分析：原文C段证据：results…disappointing说明Headstart项目失败，E段证据则表明Missouri项目的results是phenomenal的，但若我们不认识该单词，则需要结合后一句的解释性线索去理解，下一句说该项目的孩子们比同龄人more advanced，因此反推phenomenonal为褒义词，形容该项目成功。

　　phenomenonal adj非凡的

　　答案：Athe 'Headstart' programme